What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
Seasonal Affective Disorder, often abbreviated as SAD, is a form of depression that recurs in a predictable pattern related to the seasons, typically starting in late autumn or winter and improving by spring or summer. It is now classified as major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern in the DSM-5, rather than a standalone illness. In the United States, prevalence ranges from about 1.4% in Florida to nearly 10% in Alaska.
What Are The Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Common signs include persistent low mood, fatigue, oversleeping or difficulty waking, carbohydrate cravings leading to weight gain, trouble concentrating, loss of interest in daily activities, and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness. While winter-pattern SAD often brings increased appetite and sleep, the less common spring or summer variants may cause insomnia, reduced appetite, weight loss, agitation, or heightened anxiety.
Why Do Seasonal Changes Impact My Emotions?
The leading theory is that shifts in daylight disrupt your circadian rhythm and neurotransmitter regulation, especially serotonin and melatonin. Reduced sunlight in winter can throw off mood-regulating systems, while excessive light or heat in summer can similarly dysregulate sleep and mood cycles.
How Common is SAD, Especially in California?
About 5% of U.S. adults experience full seasonal affective disorder, while up to 20% report milder, subclinical seasonal mood shifts. While more frequent at higher latitudes, SAD affects people in sunnier areas too. Regions like Northern California can still experience symptoms due to daylight fluctuations and individual sensitivity.
Can You Treat Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Light therapy is considered a first-line option. Using a bright light box or dawn simulator in the morning can reset circadian rhythms and reduce depressive symptoms. Medication, particularly SSRIs like fluoxetine or bupropion XL, may be prescribed, with studies showing similar efficacy to light therapy. Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), helps patients address negative thought patterns and behavioral changes tied to the seasons. Lifestyle strategies such as regular outdoor activity, structured daily routines, and vitamin D supplementation also support mood stability. Talk to your mental health specialist about tips for alleviating the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
Can Seasonal Affective Disorder Happen in Summer?
Yes. While winter-onset SAD is most common, a “reverse” or summer-pattern SAD exists for a small percentage of the U.S. population. Rather than lethargy and overeating, summer SAD often brings insomnia, loss of appetite, agitation, anxiety, weight loss, and feelings of isolation or exclusion. It is important to recognize that seasonal depression is not exclusive to cold months. Symptoms tied to spring or summer deserve equal attention and treatment.
Should I See a Therapist for SAD?
If you notice recurring mood changes tied to specific seasons, whether winter or summer, it is important to seek a professional evaluation. Providers like those at Lumos Clinica l in San Jose and Los Gatos can assess your history, rule out other causes, and create a personalized treatment plan, whether it involves light therapy, medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle modification, or a combination. Contact us today to book an appointment.
